A paper-first reading field guide
Audit a Statistic’s Denominator
Use three linked fields: reported number, denominator, and comparison fit. Keep each field brief and attach the page or chapter landmark that supports it.
Recover who or what sits underneath a percentage before comparing or repeating it. A compact three-anchor trail keeps the note useful when you return later or discuss it with someone using another edition.
Step 1
Anchor the location
Record the page or chapter before interpreting the moment. Add the current reading boundary when later knowledge could change the note.
Step 2
Reported number
Record the percentage, rate, or ratio with its page.
Step 3
Denominator
Find the population, time window, or total used underneath it.
Step 4
Comparison fit
Check that any comparison uses a compatible denominator.